{"id":5468,"date":"2024-02-28T08:14:51","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T01:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/?p=5468"},"modified":"2024-02-28T08:14:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T01:14:51","slug":"the-huge-extinctions-we-are-just-now-discovering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/the-huge-extinctions-we-are-just-now-discovering\/","title":{"rendered":"The Huge Extinctions We Are Just Now Discovering"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>TLDR: Graptolites reveal the Silurian period&#8217;s drastic climate and ocean changes, challenging beliefs of stability with evidence of mass extinctions and environmental shifts.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is a summary of a You Tube video &#8220;The Huge Extinctions We Are Just Now Discovering&#8221; by PBS Eons<br \/>\n<iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CleBC18qoyA?si=-IalCll2S4rXQFSg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Key Takeaways:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Graptolites&#8217; Historical Significance<\/strong>: Graptolites, starting in the Cambrian period, became key to understanding oceanic and environmental changes during the Silurian period.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Silurian Period Misconceptions<\/strong>: Contrary to previous beliefs of stability, the Silurian period was marked by significant environmental fluctuations and extinctions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evolutionary Adaptations of Graptolites<\/strong>: Graptolites evolved from being seafloor-bound to free-floating, aiding their spread and survival in diverse conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indicators of Environmental Shifts<\/strong>: Through graptolite fossils, scientists discovered patterns of extinction and survival corresponding with changes in oceanic conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Primo and Secundo Episodes<\/strong>: These terms describe oceanic conditions during the Silurian, with Primo resembling today&#8217;s ocean circulation and Secundo indicating stratified, low-oxygen conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact of Climate and Environmental Changes<\/strong>: The fluctuating conditions led to repeated mass extinctions and shifts in marine biodiversity, significantly affecting graptolites.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Survival in Extreme Conditions<\/strong>: Graptolites thrived in low-oxygen, potentially toxic conditions, unlike many other marine species.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consequences of Limited Genetic Diversity<\/strong>: Repeated cycles of extinction and survival left graptolites with a reduced genetic pool, making recovery harder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population Booms and Busts<\/strong>: The fossil record shows periods where single species of graptolites dominated, followed by significant declines due to changing conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Massive Extinctions<\/strong>: Events like the Lau or Kozlowski Event in the late Silurian led to the near extinction of graptolites and a significant loss of marine biodiversity.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Graptolites reveal the Silurian period&#8217;s drastic climate and ocean changes, challenging beliefs of stability with evidence of mass extinctions and environmental shifts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5469,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-44","description-off"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5468"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5470,"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468\/revisions\/5470"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}